diff --git a/scripts/core/_sdl_video.js b/scripts/core/_sdl_video.js
index 769b512f..947fd356 100644
--- a/scripts/core/_sdl_video.js
+++ b/scripts/core/_sdl_video.js
@@ -439,6 +439,35 @@ function handle_renderer(msg) {
       if (!msg.data || !msg.data.pos) return {error: "Missing pos"};
       return {data: ren.coordsToWindow(msg.data.pos)};
       
+    case 'batch':
+      // Execute a batch of operations
+      if (!msg.data || !Array.isArray(msg.data)) return {error: "Missing or invalid data array"};
+      
+      var results = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < msg.data.length; i++) {
+        var cmd = msg.data[i];
+        if (!cmd.op) {
+          results.push({error: "Command at index " + i + " missing op"});
+          continue;
+        }
+        
+        // Create a temporary message object for the command
+        var temp_msg = {
+          kind: 'renderer',
+          id: msg.id,
+          op: cmd.op,
+          prop: cmd.prop,
+          value: cmd.value,
+          data: cmd.data
+        };
+        
+        // Recursively call handle_renderer for each command
+        var result = handle_renderer(temp_msg);
+        results.push(result);
+      }
+      
+      return {results: results};
+      
     default:
       return {error: "Unknown renderer operation: " + msg.op};
   }
diff --git a/scripts/modules/draw2d.js b/scripts/modules/draw2d.js
index a4820f81..a20362a3 100644
--- a/scripts/modules/draw2d.js
+++ b/scripts/modules/draw2d.js
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-var render = use('render')
 var graphics = use('graphics')
 var math = use('math')
 var util = use('util')
@@ -11,20 +10,78 @@ A collection of 2D drawing functions that operate in screen space. Provides prim
 for lines, rectangles, text, sprite drawing, etc. Immediate mode.
 `
 
-/*var whiteimage = {}
-whiteimage = graphics.make_surface([1,1])
-whiteimage.rect({x:0,y:0,width:1,height:1}, [1,1,1,1])
-render.load_texture(whiteimage)
-*/
+// Draw command accumulator
+var commands = []
 
-if (render.point)
-  draw.point = function(pos,size,opt = {color:Color.white}, pipeline) {
-    render.settings(opt)
-    render.pipeline(pipeline)
-    render.point([pos])
+// Renderer info set by moth
+var renderer_actor = null
+var renderer_id = null
+
+// Set the renderer
+draw.set_renderer = function(actor, id) {
+  renderer_actor = actor
+  renderer_id = id
+}
+
+// Clear accumulated commands
+draw.clear = function() {
+  commands = []
+}
+
+// Get accumulated commands
+draw.get_commands = function() {
+  return commands
+}
+
+// Flush all commands to renderer
+draw.flush = function() {
+  if (!renderer_actor || !renderer_id || commands.length === 0) return
+  
+  // Convert commands to batch format
+  var batch_data = commands.map(function(cmd) {
+    return {
+      op: cmd.op,
+      prop: cmd.prop,
+      value: cmd.value,
+      data: cmd.data
+    }
+  })
+  
+  // Send all commands in a single batch message
+  send(renderer_actor, {
+    kind: "renderer",
+    id: renderer_id,
+    op: "batch",
+    data: batch_data
+  })
+  
+  // Clear commands after sending
+  commands = []
+}
+
+// Helper to add a command
+function add_command(cmd) {
+  commands.push(cmd)
+}
+
+// Drawing functions
+draw.point = function(pos, size, opt = {color: Color.white}, pipeline) {
+  if (opt.color) {
+    add_command({
+      kind: "renderer",
+      id: renderer_id,
+      op: "set",
+      prop: "drawColor",
+      value: opt.color
+    })
   }
-else
-  draw.point = function() { throw new Error('Backend cannot draw points.') }
+  add_command({
+    kind: "renderer",
+    id: renderer_id,
+    op: "point",
+    data: {points: [pos]}
+  })
+}
 draw.point[prosperon.DOC] = `
 :param pos: A 2D position ([x, y]) where the point should be drawn.
 :param size: The size of the point.
@@ -81,7 +138,14 @@ function software_ellipse(pos, radii, opt)
         [cx + x, cy + y], [cx - x, cy + y],
         [cx + x, cy - y], [cx - x, cy - y]
       ].filter(pt => within_wedge(pt[0]-cx, pt[1]-cy, start, end, full_circle))
-      if (pts.length) render.point(pts)
+      if (pts.length) {
+        add_command({
+          kind: "renderer",
+          id: renderer_id,
+          op: "point",
+          data: {points: pts}
+        })
+      }
     }
 
     while (px < py) {
@@ -139,7 +203,14 @@ function software_ellipse(pos, radii, opt)
       }
     }
   }
-  if (strips.length) render.rects(strips)
+  if (strips.length) {
+    add_command({
+      kind: "renderer",
+      id: renderer_id,
+      op: "rects",
+      data: {rects: strips}
+    })
+  }
 }
 
 var ellipse_def = {
@@ -150,17 +221,20 @@ var ellipse_def = {
   thickness: 1,
 }
 
-if (render.ellipse)
-  draw.ellipse = function(pos, radii, def, pipeline) {
-  }
-else
-  draw.ellipse = function(pos, radii, def, pipeline) {
-    var opt = def ? {...ellipse_def, ...def} : ellipse_def
-    render.settings(opt)
-    render.pipeline(pipeline)
-    if (opt.thickness <= 0) opt.thickness = Math.max(radii[0], radii[1])
-    software_ellipse(pos, radii, opt)
+draw.ellipse = function(pos, radii, def, pipeline) {
+  var opt = def ? {...ellipse_def, ...def} : ellipse_def
+  if (opt.color) {
+    add_command({
+      kind: "renderer",
+      id: renderer_id,
+      op: "set",
+      prop: "drawColor",
+      value: opt.color
+    })
   }
+  if (opt.thickness <= 0) opt.thickness = Math.max(radii[0], radii[1])
+  software_ellipse(pos, radii, opt)
+}
 
 var line_def = {
   color: Color.white,
@@ -176,9 +250,21 @@ draw.line = function(points, def, pipeline)
   else
     opt = line_def
     
-  render.settings(opt)
-  render.pipeline(pipeline)
-  render.line(points)
+  if (opt.color) {
+    add_command({
+      kind: "renderer",
+      id: renderer_id,
+      op: "set",
+      prop: "drawColor",
+      value: opt.color
+    })
+  }
+  add_command({
+    kind: "renderer",
+    id: renderer_id,
+    op: "line",
+    data: {points: points}
+  })
 }
 
 draw.cross = function render_cross(pos, size, def, pipe) {
@@ -203,14 +289,24 @@ draw.arrow = function render_arrow(start, end, wingspan = 4, wingangle = 10, def
 function software_outline_rect(rect, thickness)
 {
   if (thickness <= 0) {
-    render.rectangle(rect);
+    add_command({
+      kind: "renderer",
+      id: renderer_id,
+      op: "fillRect",
+      data: {rect: rect}
+    })
     return;
   }
 
   /* stroke swallows the whole thing → fill instead */
   if ((thickness << 1) >= rect.width ||
       (thickness << 1) >= rect.height) {
-    render.rectangle(rect)                 // filled
+    add_command({
+      kind: "renderer",
+      id: renderer_id,
+      op: "fillRect",
+      data: {rect: rect}
+    })
     return
   }
 
@@ -219,14 +315,21 @@ function software_outline_rect(rect, thickness)
         x1 = rect.x + rect.width,
         y1 = rect.y + rect.height
 
-  render.rects([
-    { x:x0,         y:y0,          width:rect.width, height:thickness },              // top
-    { x:x0,         y:y1-thickness, width:rect.width, height:thickness },             // bottom
-    { x:x0,         y:y0+thickness, width:thickness,
-      height:rect.height - (thickness<<1) },                                          // left
-    { x:x1-thickness, y:y0+thickness, width:thickness,
-      height:rect.height - (thickness<<1) }                                           // right
-  ])
+  add_command({
+    kind: "renderer",
+    id: renderer_id,
+    op: "rects",
+    data: {
+      rects: [
+        { x:x0,         y:y0,          width:rect.width, height:thickness },              // top
+        { x:x0,         y:y1-thickness, width:rect.width, height:thickness },             // bottom
+        { x:x0,         y:y0+thickness, width:thickness,
+          height:rect.height - (thickness<<1) },                                          // left
+        { x:x1-thickness, y:y0+thickness, width:thickness,
+          height:rect.height - (thickness<<1) }                                           // right
+      ]
+    }
+  })
 }
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -260,16 +363,23 @@ function software_round_rect(rect, radius, thickness = 1)
   const r_in  = radius - thickness
 
   /* straight bands (top/bottom/left/right) ------------------------- */
-  render.rects([
-    { x:x0 + radius, y:y0,               width:rect.width - (radius << 1),
-      height:thickness                                   },          // top
-    { x:x0 + radius, y:y1 - thickness + 1,
-      width:rect.width - (radius << 1), height:thickness },          // bottom
-    { x:x0,           y:y0 + radius,     width:thickness,
-      height:rect.height - (radius << 1)                 },          // left
-    { x:x1 - thickness + 1, y:y0 + radius, width:thickness,
-      height:rect.height - (radius << 1)                 }           // right
-  ])
+  add_command({
+    kind: "renderer",
+    id: renderer_id,
+    op: "rects",
+    data: {
+      rects: [
+        { x:x0 + radius, y:y0,               width:rect.width - (radius << 1),
+          height:thickness                                   },          // top
+        { x:x0 + radius, y:y1 - thickness + 1,
+          width:rect.width - (radius << 1), height:thickness },          // bottom
+        { x:x0,           y:y0 + radius,     width:thickness,
+          height:rect.height - (radius << 1)                 },          // left
+        { x:x1 - thickness + 1, y:y0 + radius, width:thickness,
+          height:rect.height - (radius << 1)                 }           // right
+      ]
+    }
+  })
 
   /* corner arcs ---------------------------------------------------- */
   const strips = []
@@ -296,7 +406,12 @@ function software_round_rect(rect, radius, thickness = 1)
     )
   }
 
-  render.rects(strips)
+  add_command({
+    kind: "renderer",
+    id: renderer_id,
+    op: "rects",
+    data: {rects: strips}
+  })
 }
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -312,18 +427,32 @@ function software_fill_round_rect(rect, radius)
         y1 = rect.y + rect.height - 1
 
   /* main column */
-  render.rects([
-    { x:x0 + radius, y:y0, width:rect.width - (radius << 1),
-      height:rect.height }
-  ])
+  add_command({
+    kind: "renderer",
+    id: renderer_id,
+    op: "rects",
+    data: {
+      rects: [
+        { x:x0 + radius, y:y0, width:rect.width - (radius << 1),
+          height:rect.height }
+      ]
+    }
+  })
 
   /* side columns */
-  render.rects([
-    { x:x0,           y:y0 + radius, width:radius,
-      height:rect.height - (radius << 1) },
-    { x:x1 - radius + 1, y:y0 + radius, width:radius,
-      height:rect.height - (radius << 1) }
-  ])
+  add_command({
+    kind: "renderer",
+    id: renderer_id,
+    op: "rects",
+    data: {
+      rects: [
+        { x:x0,           y:y0 + radius, width:radius,
+          height:rect.height - (radius << 1) },
+        { x:x1 - radius + 1, y:y0 + radius, width:radius,
+          height:rect.height - (radius << 1) }
+      ]
+    }
+  })
 
   /* corner caps */
   const cx_l = x0 + radius,  cx_r = x1 - radius
@@ -342,7 +471,12 @@ function software_fill_round_rect(rect, radius)
     )
   }
 
-  render.rects(caps)
+  add_command({
+    kind: "renderer",
+    id: renderer_id,
+    op: "rects",
+    data: {rects: caps}
+  })
 }
 
 var rect_def = {
@@ -352,8 +486,15 @@ var rect_def = {
 }
 draw.rectangle = function render_rectangle(rect, def, pipeline) {
   var opt = def ? {...rect_def, ...def} : rect_def
-  render.settings(opt)
-  render.pipeline(pipeline)
+  if (opt.color) {
+    add_command({
+      kind: "renderer",
+      id: renderer_id,
+      op: "set",
+      prop: "drawColor",
+      value: opt.color
+    })
+  }
 
   var t = opt.thickness|0
 
@@ -361,7 +502,12 @@ draw.rectangle = function render_rectangle(rect, def, pipeline) {
     if (opt.radius)
       software_fill_round_rect(rect, opt.radius)
     else
-      render.rectangle(rect)
+      add_command({
+        kind: "renderer",
+        id: renderer_id,
+        op: "fillRect",
+        data: {rect: rect}
+      })
 
     return
   }
@@ -387,7 +533,7 @@ draw.slice9 = function slice9(image, rect = [0,0], slice = 0, info = slice9_info
   if (typeof image === "string")
     image = graphics.texture(image)
 
-  render.slice9(image, rect, slice, slice9_info, pipeline);
+  // TODO: Implement slice9 rendering via SDL video actor
 }
 draw.slice9[prosperon.DOC] = `
 :param image: An image object or string path to a texture.
@@ -416,8 +562,9 @@ draw.image = function image(image, rect = [0,0], rotation = 0, anchor = [0,0], s
   rect.width ??= image.texture.width
   rect.height ??= image.texture.height
   info ??= image_info;
-  render.settings(info)
-  render.image(image, rect, rotation, anchor, shear, info)
+  
+  // TODO: Handle texture loading and sending texture_id
+  // For now, we skip image rendering as it requires texture management
 }
 
 function software_circle(pos, radius)
@@ -460,7 +607,8 @@ var sysfont = graphics.get_font('fonts/c64.ttf', 8)
 draw.text = function text(text, rect, font = sysfont, size = 0, color = Color.white, wrap = 0, pipeline) {
   if (typeof font === 'string') font = graphics.get_font(font)
   var mesh = graphics.make_text_buffer(text, rect, 0, color, wrap, font)
-  render.geometry(font, mesh)
+  
+  // TODO: Handle text rendering via geometry
 }
 draw.text[prosperon.DOC] = `
 :param text: The string to draw.
@@ -473,4 +621,4 @@ draw.text[prosperon.DOC] = `
 :return: None
 `
 
-return draw
+return draw
\ No newline at end of file