diff --git a/parse.ce b/parse.ce
index b269666d..c0187a9e 100644
--- a/parse.ce
+++ b/parse.ce
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ var filename = args[0]
 var src = text(fd.slurp(filename))
 var result = tokenize(src, filename)
 var ast = parse(result.tokens, src, filename, tokenize)
-print(json.encode(ast))
+print(json.encode(ast, true))
diff --git a/source/runtime.c b/source/runtime.c
index 2aba02e9..bf0f5f40 100644
--- a/source/runtime.c
+++ b/source/runtime.c
@@ -5762,8 +5762,7 @@ static int js_json_to_str (JSContext *ctx, JSONStringifyContext *jsc, JSValue ho
     if (ret) {
       if (js_get_length64 (ctx, &len, val_ref.val)) goto exception;
       /* Check if this is a leaf array for compact mode.
-         Leaf = no element is an array, and no element is an object
-         that has array-valued properties. */
+         Leaf = every element is a primitive or string (no arrays or objects). */
       BOOL was_compact = jsc->in_compact_array;
       if (jsc->compact_arrays && !jsc->in_compact_array && !JS_IsEmptyString (jsc->gap)) {
         BOOL is_leaf = TRUE;
@@ -5773,23 +5772,7 @@ static int js_json_to_str (JSContext *ctx, JSONStringifyContext *jsc, JSValue ho
           if (JS_IsArray (v) > 0) {
             is_leaf = FALSE;
           } else if (mist_is_gc_object (v) && !JS_IsText (v)) {
-            /* Element is an object — check if any property is an array */
-            v_ref.val = v;
-            prop_ref.val = JS_GetOwnPropertyNames (ctx, v_ref.val);
-            if (!JS_IsException (prop_ref.val)) {
-              int64_t nprops;
-              if (!js_get_length64 (ctx, &nprops, prop_ref.val)) {
-                for (int64_t j = 0; j < nprops && is_leaf; j++) {
-                  JSValue key = JS_GetPropertyNumber (ctx, prop_ref.val, j);
-                  if (!JS_IsException (key)) {
-                    JSValue pval = JS_GetPropertyValue (ctx, v_ref.val, key);
-                    if (JS_IsArray (pval) > 0) is_leaf = FALSE;
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            }
-            v_ref.val = JS_NULL;
-            prop_ref.val = JS_NULL;
+            is_leaf = FALSE;
           }
         }
         if (is_leaf) jsc->in_compact_array = TRUE;
diff --git a/streamline.ce b/streamline.ce
index 5fdf3c17..334a86e4 100644
--- a/streamline.ce
+++ b/streamline.ce
@@ -16,7 +16,4 @@ var ast = parse(result.tokens, src, filename, tokenize)
 var folded = fold(ast)
 var compiled = mcode(folded)
 var optimized = streamline(compiled)
-print(json.encode(optimized, true, function(k,v) {
-  if (is_array(v)) return json.encode(v)
-  return v
-}))
+print(json.encode(optimized, true))