diff --git a/add.ce b/add.ce
index 074cbda1..350fe4c6 100644
--- a/add.ce
+++ b/add.ce
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ var fd = use('fd')
 var locator = null
 var alias = null
 
-for (var i = 0; i < length(args); i++) {
-  if (args[i] == '--help' || args[i] == '-h') {
+array(args, function(arg) {
+  if (arg == '--help' || arg == '-h') {
     log.console("Usage: cell add <locator> [alias]")
     log.console("")
     log.console("Add a dependency to the current package.")
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ for (var i = 0; i < length(args); i++) {
     log.console("  cell add gitea.pockle.world/john/cell-image image")
     log.console("  cell add ../local-package")
     $stop()
-  } else if (!starts_with(args[i], '-')) {
+  } else if (!starts_with(arg, '-')) {
     if (!locator) {
-      locator = args[i]
+      locator = arg
     } else if (!alias) {
-      alias = args[i]
+      alias = arg
     }
   }
-}
+})
 
 if (!locator) {
   log.console("Usage: cell add <locator> [alias]")
diff --git a/benchmarks/nota.ce b/benchmarks/nota.ce
index 5779b0e9..24e2e7a4 100644
--- a/benchmarks/nota.ce
+++ b/benchmarks/nota.ce
@@ -43,10 +43,11 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
 
 // Calculate statistics
 function getStats(arr) {
-    def avg = reduce(arr, (a,b) => a+b, 0) / length(arr)
-    def min = min(...arr);
-    def max = max(...arr);
-    return { avg, min, max };
+    return {
+      avg: reduce(arr, (a,b) => a+b, 0) / length(arr),
+      min: reduce(arr, min),
+      max: reduce(arr, max)
+    };
 }
 
 // Pretty print results
diff --git a/benchmarks/wota.ce b/benchmarks/wota.ce
index b4eb7c9a..d4f0b97c 100644
--- a/benchmarks/wota.ce
+++ b/benchmarks/wota.ce
@@ -79,18 +79,13 @@ log.console("Wota Encode/Decode Benchmark");
 log.console("===================\n");
 
 // We'll run each benchmark scenario in turn.
-for (var bench of benchmarks) {
-    // We'll measure how long it takes to do 'iterations' *for each test value*
-    // in bench.data. The total loop count is `bench.iterations * bench.data)`.
-    // Then we compute an overall encode+decode throughput (ops/s).
-    var totalIterations = bench.iterations * bench.data);
+arrfor(benchmarks, function(bench) {
+    var totalIterations = bench.iterations * length(bench.data);
     
     // We'll define a function that does a roundTrip for *each* data item in bench.data
     // to measure in one loop iteration. Then we multiply by bench.iterations.
     function runAllData() {
-        for (var val of bench.data) {
-            roundTripWota(val);
-        }
+      arrfor(bench.data, roundTripWota)
     }
 
     var elapsedSec = measureTime(runAllData, bench.iterations);
@@ -100,7 +95,7 @@ for (var bench of benchmarks) {
     log.console(`  Iterations: ${bench.iterations} × ${length(bench.data)} data items = ${totalIterations}`);
     log.console(`  Elapsed:    ${elapsedSec.toFixed(3)} s`);
     log.console(`  Throughput: ${opsPerSec} encode+decode ops/sec\n`);
-}
+})
 
 // All done
 log.console("Benchmark completed.\n");
diff --git a/benchmarks/wota_nota_json.ce b/benchmarks/wota_nota_json.ce
index 4564bd56..c474b221 100644
--- a/benchmarks/wota_nota_json.ce
+++ b/benchmarks/wota_nota_json.ce
@@ -149,11 +149,7 @@ function runBenchmarkForLibrary(lib, bench) {
   // 2) Measure DECODING
   var decodeTime = measureTime(() => {
     for (var i = 0; i < bench.iterations; i++) {
-      // decode everything we stored during the first iteration
-      for (var e of encodedList) {
-        var decoded = lib.decode(e);
-        // not verifying correctness here, just measuring speed
-      }
+      arrfor(encodedList, lib.decode)
     }
   });
 
diff --git a/build.cm b/build.cm
index a73812e6..be6df287 100644
--- a/build.cm
+++ b/build.cm
@@ -88,9 +88,7 @@ function ensure_dir(path) {
   for (var i = 0; i < length(parts); i++) {
     if (parts[i] == '') continue
     current += parts[i] + '/'
-    if (!fd.stat(current).isDirectory) {
-      fd.mkdir(current)
-    }
+    if (!fd.stat(current).isDirectory) fd.mkdir(current)
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/engine.cm b/internal/engine.cm
index 9d5b3980..078355a7 100644
--- a/internal/engine.cm
+++ b/internal/engine.cm
@@ -177,10 +177,10 @@ function disrupt(err)
 
   if (underlings) {
     var unders = array(underlings)
-    for (var id of unders) {
+    arrfor(unders, function(id) {
       log.console(`calling on ${id} to disrupt too`)
       $_.stop(create_actor({id}))
-    }
+    })
   }
   
   if (err) {
@@ -449,16 +449,14 @@ $_.receiver = function receiver(fn) {
   receive_fn = fn
 }
 
-$_.start = function start(cb, program, ...args) {
+$_.start = function start(cb, program) {
     if (!program) return
 
     var id = guid()
-    if (length(args) == 1 && is_array(args[0])) args = args[0]
     var startup = { 
       id, 
       overling: $_.self, 
       root, 
-      arg: args, 
       program,
     }
     greeters[id] = cb
@@ -582,14 +580,14 @@ var need_stop = false
      return
    }
 
-   for (var msg of message_queue) {
+   arrfor(message_queue, function(msg) {
      if (msg.startup) {
        // now is the time to actually spin up the actor
        actor_mod.createactor(msg.startup)
      } else {
        actor_send(msg.actor, msg.send)
      }
-   }
+   })
 
    message_queue = []
  }
@@ -803,7 +801,7 @@ $_.clock(_ => {
   var pkg = file_info ? file_info.package : null
   var use_fn = function(path) { return shop.use(path, pkg) }
 
-  // Call with signature: setup_module(args, use, ...capabilities)
+  // Call with signature: setup_module(args, use, ..capabilities)
   // The script wrapper builds $_ from the injected capabilities for backward compatibility
   var val = call(locator.symbol, null, _cell.args.arg, use_fn, ...vals)
 
diff --git a/internal/shop.cm b/internal/shop.cm
index 9d741f37..0d3af9b6 100644
--- a/internal/shop.cm
+++ b/internal/shop.cm
@@ -360,11 +360,6 @@ var open_dls = {}
 // These map to $_ properties in engine.cm
 var SHOP_DEFAULT_INJECT = ['$self', '$overling', '$clock', '$delay', '$start', '$receiver', '$contact', '$portal', '$time_limit', '$couple', '$stop', '$unneeded', '$connection', '$fd']
 
-function strip_dollar(name) {
-  if (name && name[0] == '$') return text(name, 1)
-  return name
-}
-
 // Decide what a given module is allowed to see.
 // This is the capability gate - tweak as needed.
 Shop.script_inject_for = function(file_info) {
@@ -387,13 +382,11 @@ function inject_params(inject) {
 }
 
 function inject_values(inject) {
-  var vals = []
-  for (var i = 0; i < length(inject); i++) {
-    var key = strip_dollar(inject[i])
-    if (key == 'fd') vals.push(fd)
-    else vals.push(my$_[key])
-  }
-  return vals
+  return array(inject, function(inj) {
+    var key = trim(inj, '$')
+    if (key == 'fd') return fd
+    return my$_[key]
+  })
 }
 
 // Build the use function for a specific package context
@@ -802,7 +795,7 @@ function execute_module(info)
       var pkg = file_info.package
       var use_fn = make_use_fn(pkg)
 
-      // Call with signature: setup_module(args, use, ...capabilities)
+      // Call with signature: setup_module(args, use, ..capabilities)
       // args is null for module loading
       used = call(mod_resolve.symbol, context, null, use_fn, ...vals)
   } else if (c_resolve.scope < 900) {
@@ -1217,8 +1210,9 @@ Shop.build_package_scripts = function(package)
   var scripts = get_package_scripts(package)
   var pkg_dir = get_package_abs_dir(package)
 
-  for (var script of scripts)
+  arrfor(scripts, function(script) {
     resolve_mod_fn(pkg_dir + '/' + script, package)
+  })
 }
 
 Shop.list_packages = function()
@@ -1274,12 +1268,12 @@ Shop.audit_packages = function() {
 
   var bad = []
 
-  for (var package of packages) {
-    if (package == 'core') continue
-    if (fd.is_dir(package)) continue
-    if (fetch_remote_hash(package)) continue
+  arrfor(packages, function(package) {
+    if (package == 'core') return
+    if (fd.is_dir(package)) return
+    if (fetch_remote_hash(package)) return
     bad.push(package)
-  }
+  })
 
   return bad
 }
diff --git a/pronto.cm b/pronto.cm
index 45160e1e..1c44efa4 100644
--- a/pronto.cm
+++ b/pronto.cm
@@ -319,45 +319,12 @@ function requestorize(unary) {
   }
 }
 
-// objectify(factory_fn)
-// Converts a factory that takes arrays to one that takes objects.
-function objectify(factory_fn) {
-  def factory = 'objectify'
-  if (!is_function(factory_fn))
-    throw make_reason(factory, 'Not a factory.', factory_fn)
-
-  return function objectified_factory(object_of_requestors, ...rest) {
-    if (!is_object(object_of_requestors))
-      throw make_reason(factory, 'Expected an object.', object_of_requestors)
-
-    def keys = array(object_of_requestors)
-    def requestor_array = array(keys, k => object_of_requestors[k])
-
-    def inner_requestor = factory_fn(requestor_array, ...rest)
-
-    return function(callback, value) {
-      return inner_requestor(function(results, reason) {
-        if (results == null) {
-          callback(null, reason)
-        } else if (is_array(results)) {
-          def obj = {}
-          arrfor(keys, (k, i) => { obj[k] = results[i] })
-          callback(obj, reason)
-        } else {
-          callback(results, reason)
-        }
-      }, value)
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 return {
   fallback,
   parallel,
   race,
   sequence,
   requestorize,
-  objectify,
   is_requestor,
   check_callback
 }
diff --git a/qopconv.ce b/qopconv.ce
index d181a98e..b7c6c1d6 100644
--- a/qopconv.ce
+++ b/qopconv.ce
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ var qop = use('qop')
 
 function print_usage() {
     log.console("Usage: qopconv [OPTION...] FILE...")
-    log.console("  -u <archive> ... unpack archive")
-    log.console("  -l <archive> ... list contents of archive")
+    log.console("  -u <archive> .. unpack archive")
+    log.console("  -l <archive> .. list contents of archive")
     log.console("  -d <dir> ....... change read dir when creating archives")
-    log.console("  <sources...> <archive> ... create archive from sources")
+    log.console("  <sources...> <archive> .. create archive from sources")
 }
 
 function list(archive_path) {
diff --git a/test.ce b/test.ce
index 10997763..0e2ac28c 100644
--- a/test.ce
+++ b/test.ce
@@ -149,9 +149,8 @@ function ensure_dir(path) {
     for (var i = 0; i < length(parts); i++) {
         if (parts[i] == '') continue
         current += parts[i] + '/'
-        if (!fd.is_dir(current)) {
+        if (!fd.is_dir(current))
             fd.mkdir(current)
-        }
     }
     return true
 }
diff --git a/tests/comments.cm b/tests/comments.cm
index c618d52e..a1a61f53 100644
--- a/tests/comments.cm
+++ b/tests/comments.cm
@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@ return {
               send(tree, reason)
             }
             
-            send(tree, { ...result.comment, children: result.children, time: time.text() })
+            var obj = object(result.comment)
+            obj.children = result.children
+            obj.time = time.text()
+            send(tree, obj)
           })
         })
     }
diff --git a/tests/comments_actor.ce b/tests/comments_actor.ce
index c7b70222..63851f2a 100644
--- a/tests/comments_actor.ce
+++ b/tests/comments_actor.ce
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ $receiver(tree => {
       send(tree, reason)
     }
     
-    send(tree, { ...result.comment, children: result.children, time: time.text() })
+    var obj = object(result.comment)
+    obj.children = result.children
+    obj.time = time.text()
+    send(tree, obj)
   })
 })
diff --git a/tests/hang.cm b/tests/hang.cm
index 660af740..a7845da8 100644
--- a/tests/hang.cm
+++ b/tests/hang.cm
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 return {
     test_hang: function() {
-        log.console(`Going to start hanging ... (disabled)`)
+        log.console(`Going to start hanging .. (disabled)`)
         
         // while(1) {
         //   // hang!
diff --git a/tests/nota.cm b/tests/nota.cm
index bb03a0fa..97d3c83f 100644
--- a/tests/nota.cm
+++ b/tests/nota.cm
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ function deepCompare(expected, actual, path) {
     stone_if_needed(expected); stone_if_needed(actual)
     if (expected.length != actual.length)
       return { passed: false, messages: [`blob length mismatch at ${path}: ${length(expected)} vs ${length(actual)}`] }
-    for (var i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < length(expected); i++) {
       if (expected.read_logical(i) != actual.read_logical(i))
         return { passed: false, messages: [`blob bit mismatch at ${path}[${i}]`] }
     }
@@ -55,12 +55,11 @@ function deepCompare(expected, actual, path) {
         messages: [`Array length mismatch at ${path}: expected ${length(expected)}, got ${length(actual)}`]
       };
     var messages = [];
-    for (var i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {
-      var result = deepCompare(expected[i], actual[i], `${path}[${i}]`);
-      if (!result.passed) {
-          for(var m of result.messages) messages.push(m);
-      }
-    }
+    arrfor(expected, function(val, i) {
+      var result = deepCompare(val, actual[i], `${path}[${i}]`);
+      if (!result.passed)
+        messages = array(messages, result.messages)
+    })
     return { passed: messages.length == 0, messages: messages };
   }
 
@@ -73,12 +72,11 @@ function deepCompare(expected, actual, path) {
         messages: [`Object keys mismatch at ${path}: expected ${expKeys}, got ${actKeys}`]
       };
     var messages = [];
-    for (var key of expKeys) {
+    arrfor(expKeys, function(key) {
       var result = deepCompare(expected[key], actual[key], `${path}.${key}`);
-      if (!result.passed) {
-          for(var m of result.messages) messages.push(m);
-      }
-    }
+      if (!result.passed) 
+        messages = array(messages, result.messages)
+    })
     return { passed: messages.length == 0, messages: messages };
   }
 
diff --git a/tests/wota.cm b/tests/wota.cm
index 8a004f70..b25620b5 100644
--- a/tests/wota.cm
+++ b/tests/wota.cm
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ function deep_compare(expected, actual, path) {
   if (is_blob(expected) && is_blob(actual)) {
     stone_if_needed(expected); stone_if_needed(actual)
     if (length(expected) != length(actual))
-      return { passed: false, messages: [`blob length mismatch at ${path}: ${length(expected)} vs ${actual)}`] }
-    for (var i = 0; i < length(expected); i++) {
+      return { passed: false, messages: [`blob length mismatch at ${path}: ${length(expected)} vs ${length(actual)}`] }
+    arrfor(array(expected), function(i) {
       if (expected.read_logical(i) != actual.read_logical(i))
         return { passed: false, messages: [`blob bit mismatch at ${path}[${i}]`] }
-    }
+    })
     return { passed: true, messages: [] }
   }
 
@@ -34,12 +34,10 @@ function deep_compare(expected, actual, path) {
     if (length(expected) != length(actual))
       return { passed: false, messages: [`Array length mismatch at ${path}: ${length(expected)} vs ${length(actual)}`] }
     var msgs = []
-    for (var i = 0; i < length(expected); i++) {
+    arrfor(array(expected), function(i) {
       var res = deep_compare(expected[i], actual[i], `${path}[${i}]`)
-      if (!res.passed) {
-          for(var m of res.messages) msgs.push(m)
-      }
-    }
+      if (!res.passed) array(msgs, res.messages)
+    })
     return { passed: length(msgs) == 0, messages: msgs }
   }
 
@@ -49,12 +47,10 @@ function deep_compare(expected, actual, path) {
     if (JSON.stringify(expKeys) != JSON.stringify(actKeys))
       return { passed: false, messages: [`Object keys mismatch at ${path}: ${expKeys} vs ${actKeys}`] }
     var msgs = []
-    for (var k of expKeys) {
+    arrfor(expKeys, function(k) {
       var res = deep_compare(expected[k], actual[k], `${path}.${k}`)
-      if (!res.passed) {
-          for(var m of res.messages) msgs.push(m)
-      }
-    }
+      if (!res.passed) array(msgs, res.messages)
+    })
     return { passed: length(msgs) == 0, messages: msgs }
   }
 
diff --git a/toml.cm b/toml.cm
index 1eb41b8b..099dd12e 100644
--- a/toml.cm
+++ b/toml.cm
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ function encode_toml(obj) {
 
         // Direct properties
         var section_keys = array(value)
-        for (var j = 0; j < section_length(keys); j++) {
+        for (var j = 0; j < length(section_keys); j++) {
           var sk = section_keys[j]
           var sv = value[sk]
           if (!is_object(sv)) result.push(quote_key(sk) + ' = ' + encode_value(sv))