Files
cell/src/qbe/amd64/winabi.c
2026-02-17 10:23:47 -06:00

764 lines
27 KiB
C
Executable File

#include "all.h"
#include <stdbool.h>
typedef enum ArgPassStyle {
APS_Invalid = 0,
APS_Register,
APS_InlineOnStack,
APS_CopyAndPointerInRegister,
APS_CopyAndPointerOnStack,
APS_VarargsTag,
APS_EnvTag,
} ArgPassStyle;
typedef struct ArgClass {
Typ* type;
ArgPassStyle style;
int align;
uint size;
int cls;
Ref ref;
} ArgClass;
typedef struct ExtraAlloc ExtraAlloc;
struct ExtraAlloc {
Ins instr;
ExtraAlloc* link;
};
#define ALIGN_DOWN(n, a) ((n) & ~((a)-1))
#define ALIGN_UP(n, a) ALIGN_DOWN((n) + (a)-1, (a))
// Number of stack bytes required be reserved for the callee.
#define SHADOW_SPACE_SIZE 32
int amd64_winabi_rsave[] = {RCX, RDX, R8, R9, R10, R11, RAX, XMM0,
XMM1, XMM2, XMM3, XMM4, XMM5, XMM6, XMM7, XMM8,
XMM9, XMM10, XMM11, XMM12, XMM13, XMM14, -1};
int amd64_winabi_rclob[] = {RBX, R12, R13, R14, R15, RSI, RDI, -1};
MAKESURE(winabi_arrays_ok,
sizeof amd64_winabi_rsave == (NGPS_WIN + NFPS + 1) * sizeof(int) &&
sizeof amd64_winabi_rclob == (NCLR_WIN + 1) * sizeof(int));
// layout of call's second argument (RCall)
//
// bit 0: rax returned
// bit 1: xmm0 returned
// bits 23: 0
// bits 4567: rcx, rdx, r8, r9 passed
// bits 89ab: xmm0,1,2,3 passed
// bit c: env call (rax passed)
// bits d..1f: 0
bits amd64_winabi_retregs(Ref r, int p[2]) {
assert(rtype(r) == RCall);
bits b = 0;
int num_int_returns = r.val & 1;
int num_float_returns = r.val & 2;
if (num_int_returns == 1) {
b |= BIT(RAX);
} else {
b |= BIT(XMM0);
}
if (p) {
p[0] = num_int_returns;
p[1] = num_float_returns;
}
return b;
}
static uint popcnt(bits b) {
b = (b & 0x5555555555555555) + ((b >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555);
b = (b & 0x3333333333333333) + ((b >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333);
b = (b & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f) + ((b >> 4) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f);
b += (b >> 8);
b += (b >> 16);
b += (b >> 32);
return b & 0xff;
}
bits amd64_winabi_argregs(Ref r, int p[2]) {
assert(rtype(r) == RCall);
// On SysV, these are counts. Here, a count isn't sufficient, we actually need
// to know which ones are in use because they're not necessarily contiguous.
int int_passed = (r.val >> 4) & 15;
int float_passed = (r.val >> 8) & 15;
bool env_param = (r.val >> 12) & 1;
bits b = 0;
b |= (int_passed & 1) ? BIT(RCX) : 0;
b |= (int_passed & 2) ? BIT(RDX) : 0;
b |= (int_passed & 4) ? BIT(R8) : 0;
b |= (int_passed & 8) ? BIT(R9) : 0;
b |= (float_passed & 1) ? BIT(XMM0) : 0;
b |= (float_passed & 2) ? BIT(XMM1) : 0;
b |= (float_passed & 4) ? BIT(XMM2) : 0;
b |= (float_passed & 8) ? BIT(XMM3) : 0;
b |= env_param ? BIT(RAX) : 0;
if (p) {
// TODO: The only place this is used is live.c. I'm not sure what should be
// returned here wrt to using the same counter for int/float regs on win.
// For now, try the number of registers in use even though they're not
// contiguous.
p[0] = popcnt(int_passed);
p[1] = popcnt(float_passed);
}
return b;
}
typedef struct RegisterUsage {
// Counter for both int/float as they're counted together. Only if the bool's
// set in regs_passed is the given register *actually* needed for a value
// (i.e. needs to be saved, etc.).
int num_regs_passed;
// Indexed first by 0=int, 1=float, use KBASE(cls).
// Indexed second by register index in calling convention, so for integer,
// 0=RCX, 1=RDX, 2=R8, 3=R9, and for float XMM0, XMM1, XMM2, XMM3.
bool regs_passed[2][4];
bool rax_returned;
bool xmm0_returned;
// This is also used as where the va_start will start for varargs functions
// (there's no 'Oparv', so we need to keep track of a count here.)
int num_named_args_passed;
// This is set when classifying the arguments for a call (but not when
// classifying the parameters of a function definition).
bool is_varargs_call;
bool has_env;
} RegisterUsage;
static int register_usage_to_call_arg_value(RegisterUsage reg_usage) {
return (reg_usage.rax_returned << 0) | //
(reg_usage.xmm0_returned << 1) | //
(reg_usage.regs_passed[0][0] << 4) | //
(reg_usage.regs_passed[0][1] << 5) | //
(reg_usage.regs_passed[0][2] << 6) | //
(reg_usage.regs_passed[0][3] << 7) | //
(reg_usage.regs_passed[1][0] << 8) | //
(reg_usage.regs_passed[1][1] << 9) | //
(reg_usage.regs_passed[1][2] << 10) | //
(reg_usage.regs_passed[1][3] << 11) | //
(reg_usage.has_env << 12);
}
// Assigns the argument to a register if there's any left according to the
// calling convention, and updates the regs_passed bools. Otherwise marks the
// value as needing stack space to be passed.
static void assign_register_or_stack(RegisterUsage* reg_usage,
ArgClass* arg,
bool is_float,
bool by_copy) {
if (reg_usage->num_regs_passed == 4) {
arg->style = by_copy ? APS_CopyAndPointerOnStack : APS_InlineOnStack;
} else {
reg_usage->regs_passed[is_float][reg_usage->num_regs_passed] = true;
++reg_usage->num_regs_passed;
arg->style = by_copy ? APS_CopyAndPointerInRegister : APS_Register;
}
++reg_usage->num_named_args_passed;
}
static bool type_is_by_copy(Typ* type) {
// Note that only these sizes are passed by register, even though e.g. a
// 5 byte struct would "fit", it still is passed by copy-and-pointer.
return type->isdark || (type->size != 1 && type->size != 2 &&
type->size != 4 && type->size != 8);
}
// This function is used for both arguments and parameters.
// begin_instr should either point at the first Oarg or Opar, and end_instr
// should point past the last one (so to the Ocall for arguments, or to the
// first 'real' instruction of the function for parameters).
static void classify_arguments(RegisterUsage* reg_usage,
Ins* begin_instr,
Ins* end_instr,
ArgClass* arg_classes,
Ref* env) {
ArgClass* arg = arg_classes;
// For each argument, determine how it will be passed (int, float, stack)
// and update the `reg_usage` counts. Additionally, fill out arg_classes for
// each argument.
for (Ins* instr = begin_instr; instr < end_instr; ++instr, ++arg) {
switch (instr->op) {
case Oarg:
case Opar:
assign_register_or_stack(reg_usage, arg, KBASE(instr->cls),
/*by_copy=*/false);
arg->cls = instr->cls;
arg->align = 3;
arg->size = 8;
break;
case Oargc:
case Oparc: {
int typ_index = instr->arg[0].val;
Typ* type = &typ[typ_index];
bool by_copy = type_is_by_copy(type);
assign_register_or_stack(reg_usage, arg, /*is_float=*/false, by_copy);
arg->cls = Kl;
if (!by_copy && type->size <= 4) {
arg->cls = Kw;
}
arg->align = 3;
arg->size = type->size;
break;
}
case Oarge:
*env = instr->arg[0];
arg->style = APS_EnvTag;
reg_usage->has_env = true;
break;
case Opare:
*env = instr->to;
arg->style = APS_EnvTag;
reg_usage->has_env = true;
break;
case Oargv:
reg_usage->is_varargs_call = true;
arg->style = APS_VarargsTag;
break;
}
}
if (reg_usage->has_env && reg_usage->is_varargs_call) {
die("can't use env with varargs");
}
// During a varargs call, float arguments have to be duplicated to their
// associated integer register, so mark them as in-use too.
if (reg_usage->is_varargs_call) {
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
if (reg_usage->regs_passed[/*float*/ 1][i]) {
reg_usage->regs_passed[/*int*/ 0][i] = true;
}
}
}
}
static bool is_integer_type(int ty) {
assert(ty >= 0 && ty < 4 && "expecting Kw Kl Ks Kd");
return KBASE(ty) == 0;
}
static Ref register_for_arg(int cls, int counter) {
assert(counter < 4);
if (is_integer_type(cls)) {
return TMP(amd64_winabi_rsave[counter]);
} else {
return TMP(XMM0 + counter);
}
}
static Ins* lower_call(Fn* func,
Blk* block,
Ins* call_instr,
ExtraAlloc** pextra_alloc) {
// Call arguments are instructions. Walk through them to find the end of the
// call+args that we need to process (and return the instruction past the body
// of the instruction for continuing processing).
Ins* instr_past_args = call_instr - 1;
for (; instr_past_args >= block->ins; --instr_past_args) {
if (!isarg(instr_past_args->op)) {
break;
}
}
Ins* earliest_arg_instr = instr_past_args + 1;
// Don't need an ArgClass for the call itself, so one less than the total
// number of instructions we're dealing with.
uint num_args = call_instr - earliest_arg_instr;
ArgClass* arg_classes = alloc(num_args * sizeof(ArgClass));
RegisterUsage reg_usage = {0};
ArgClass ret_arg_class = {0};
// Ocall's two arguments are the the function to be called in 0, and, if the
// the function returns a non-basic type, then arg[1] is a reference to the
// type of the return. req checks if Refs are equal; `R` is 0.
bool il_has_struct_return = !req(call_instr->arg[1], R);
bool is_struct_return = false;
if (il_has_struct_return) {
Typ* ret_type = &typ[call_instr->arg[1].val];
is_struct_return = type_is_by_copy(ret_type);
if (is_struct_return) {
assign_register_or_stack(&reg_usage, &ret_arg_class, /*is_float=*/false,
/*by_copy=*/true);
}
ret_arg_class.size = ret_type->size;
}
Ref env = R;
classify_arguments(&reg_usage, earliest_arg_instr, call_instr, arg_classes,
&env);
// We now know which arguments are on the stack and which are in registers, so
// we can allocate the correct amount of space to stash the stack-located ones
// into.
uint stack_usage = 0;
for (uint i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
ArgClass* arg = &arg_classes[i];
// stack_usage only accounts for pushes that are for values that don't have
// enough registers. Large struct copies are alloca'd separately, and then
// only have (potentially) 8 bytes to add to stack_usage here.
if (arg->style == APS_InlineOnStack) {
if (arg->align > 4) {
err("win abi cannot pass alignments > 16");
}
stack_usage += arg->size;
} else if (arg->style == APS_CopyAndPointerOnStack) {
stack_usage += 8;
}
}
stack_usage = ALIGN_UP(stack_usage, 16);
// Note that here we're logically 'after' the call (due to emitting
// instructions in reverse order), so we're doing a negative stack
// allocation to clean up after the call.
Ref stack_size_ref =
getcon(-(int64_t)(stack_usage + SHADOW_SPACE_SIZE), func);
emit(Osalloc, Kl, R, stack_size_ref, R);
ExtraAlloc* return_pad = NULL;
if (is_struct_return) {
return_pad = alloc(sizeof(ExtraAlloc));
Ref ret_pad_ref = newtmp("abi.ret_pad", Kl, func);
return_pad->instr =
(Ins){Oalloc8, Kl, ret_pad_ref, {getcon(ret_arg_class.size, func)}};
return_pad->link = (*pextra_alloc);
*pextra_alloc = return_pad;
reg_usage.rax_returned = true;
emit(Ocopy, call_instr->cls, call_instr->to, TMP(RAX), R);
} else {
if (il_has_struct_return) {
// In the case that at the IL level, a struct return was specified, but as
// far as the calling convention is concerned it's not actually by
// pointer, we need to store the return value into an alloca because
// subsequent IL will still be treating the function return as a pointer.
ExtraAlloc* return_copy = alloc(sizeof(ExtraAlloc));
return_copy->instr =
(Ins){Oalloc8, Kl, call_instr->to, {getcon(8, func)}};
return_copy->link = (*pextra_alloc);
*pextra_alloc = return_copy;
Ref copy = newtmp("abi.copy", Kl, func);
emit(Ostorel, 0, R, copy, call_instr->to);
emit(Ocopy, Kl, copy, TMP(RAX), R);
reg_usage.rax_returned = true;
} else if (is_integer_type(call_instr->cls)) {
// Only a basic type returned from the call, integer.
emit(Ocopy, call_instr->cls, call_instr->to, TMP(RAX), R);
reg_usage.rax_returned = true;
} else {
// Basic type, floating point.
emit(Ocopy, call_instr->cls, call_instr->to, TMP(XMM0), R);
reg_usage.xmm0_returned = true;
}
}
// Emit the actual call instruction. There's no 'to' value by this point
// because we've lowered it into register manipulation (that's the `R`),
// arg[0] of the call is the function, and arg[1] is register usage is
// documented as above (copied from SysV).
emit(Ocall, call_instr->cls, R, call_instr->arg[0],
CALL(register_usage_to_call_arg_value(reg_usage)));
if (!req(R, env)) {
// If there's an env arg to be passed, it gets stashed in RAX.
emit(Ocopy, Kl, TMP(RAX), env, R);
}
if (reg_usage.is_varargs_call) {
// Any float arguments need to be duplicated to integer registers. This is
// required by the calling convention so that dumping to shadow space can be
// done without a prototype and for varargs.
#define DUP_IF_USED(index, floatreg, intreg) \
if (reg_usage.regs_passed[/*float*/ 1][index]) { \
emit(Ocast, Kl, TMP(intreg), TMP(floatreg), R); \
}
DUP_IF_USED(0, XMM0, RCX);
DUP_IF_USED(1, XMM1, RDX);
DUP_IF_USED(2, XMM2, R8);
DUP_IF_USED(3, XMM3, R9);
#undef DUP_IF_USED
}
int reg_counter = 0;
if (is_struct_return) {
Ref first_reg = register_for_arg(Kl, reg_counter++);
emit(Ocopy, Kl, first_reg, return_pad->instr.to, R);
}
// This is where we actually do the load of values into registers or into
// stack slots.
Ref arg_stack_slots = newtmp("abi.args", Kl, func);
uint slot_offset = SHADOW_SPACE_SIZE;
ArgClass* arg = arg_classes;
for (Ins* instr = earliest_arg_instr; instr != call_instr; ++instr, ++arg) {
switch (arg->style) {
case APS_Register: {
Ref into = register_for_arg(arg->cls, reg_counter++);
if (instr->op == Oargc) {
// If this is a small struct being passed by value. The value in the
// instruction in this case is a pointer, but it needs to be loaded
// into the register.
emit(Oload, arg->cls, into, instr->arg[1], R);
} else {
// Otherwise, a normal value passed in a register.
emit(Ocopy, instr->cls, into, instr->arg[0], R);
}
break;
}
case APS_InlineOnStack: {
Ref slot = newtmp("abi.off", Kl, func);
if (instr->op == Oargc) {
// This is a small struct, so it's not passed by copy, but the
// instruction is a pointer. So we need to copy it into the stack
// slot. (And, remember that these are emitted backwards, so store,
// then load.)
Ref smalltmp = newtmp("abi.smalltmp", arg->cls, func);
emit(Ostorel, 0, R, smalltmp, slot);
emit(Oload, arg->cls, smalltmp, instr->arg[1], R);
} else {
// Stash the value into the stack slot.
emit(Ostorel, 0, R, instr->arg[0], slot);
}
emit(Oadd, Kl, slot, arg_stack_slots, getcon(slot_offset, func));
slot_offset += arg->size;
break;
}
case APS_CopyAndPointerInRegister:
case APS_CopyAndPointerOnStack: {
// Alloca a space to copy into, and blit the value from the instr to the
// copied location.
ExtraAlloc* arg_copy = alloc(sizeof(ExtraAlloc));
Ref copy_ref = newtmp("abi.copy", Kl, func);
arg_copy->instr =
(Ins){Oalloc8, Kl, copy_ref, {getcon(arg->size, func)}};
arg_copy->link = (*pextra_alloc);
*pextra_alloc = arg_copy;
emit(Oblit1, 0, R, INT(arg->size), R);
emit(Oblit0, 0, R, instr->arg[1], copy_ref);
// Now load the pointer into the correct register or stack slot.
if (arg->style == APS_CopyAndPointerInRegister) {
Ref into = register_for_arg(arg->cls, reg_counter++);
emit(Ocopy, Kl, into, copy_ref, R);
} else {
assert(arg->style == APS_CopyAndPointerOnStack);
Ref slot = newtmp("abi.off", Kl, func);
emit(Ostorel, 0, R, copy_ref, slot);
emit(Oadd, Kl, slot, arg_stack_slots, getcon(slot_offset, func));
slot_offset += 8;
}
break;
}
case APS_EnvTag:
case APS_VarargsTag:
// Nothing to do here, see right before the call for reg dupe.
break;
case APS_Invalid:
die("unreachable");
}
}
if (stack_usage) {
// The last (first in call order) thing we do is allocate the the stack
// space we're going to fill with temporaries.
emit(Osalloc, Kl, arg_stack_slots,
getcon(stack_usage + SHADOW_SPACE_SIZE, func), R);
} else {
// When there's no usage for temporaries, we can add this into the other
// alloca, but otherwise emit it separately (not storing into a reference)
// so that it doesn't get removed later for being useless.
emit(Osalloc, Kl, R, getcon(SHADOW_SPACE_SIZE, func), R);
}
return instr_past_args;
}
static void lower_block_return(Fn* func, Blk* block) {
int jmp_type = block->jmp.type;
if (!isret(jmp_type) || jmp_type == Jret0) {
return;
}
// Save the argument, and set the block to be a void return because once it's
// lowered it's handled by the the register/stack manipulation.
Ref ret_arg = block->jmp.arg;
block->jmp.type = Jret0;
RegisterUsage reg_usage = {0};
if (jmp_type == Jretc) {
Typ* type = &typ[func->retty];
if (type_is_by_copy(type)) {
assert(rtype(func->retr) == RTmp);
emit(Ocopy, Kl, TMP(RAX), func->retr, R);
emit(Oblit1, 0, R, INT(type->size), R);
emit(Oblit0, 0, R, ret_arg, func->retr);
} else {
emit(Oload, Kl, TMP(RAX), ret_arg, R);
}
reg_usage.rax_returned = true;
} else {
int k = jmp_type - Jretw;
if (is_integer_type(k)) {
emit(Ocopy, k, TMP(RAX), ret_arg, R);
reg_usage.rax_returned = true;
} else {
emit(Ocopy, k, TMP(XMM0), ret_arg, R);
reg_usage.xmm0_returned = true;
}
}
block->jmp.arg = CALL(register_usage_to_call_arg_value(reg_usage));
}
static void lower_vastart(Fn* func,
RegisterUsage* param_reg_usage,
Ref valist) {
assert(func->vararg);
// In varargs functions:
// 1. the int registers are already dumped to the shadow stack space;
// 2. any parameters passed in floating point registers have
// been duplicated to the integer registers
// 3. we ensure (later) that for varargs functions we're always using an rbp
// frame pointer.
// So, the ... argument is just indexed past rbp by the number of named values
// that were actually passed.
Ref offset = newtmp("abi.vastart", Kl, func);
emit(Ostorel, 0, R, offset, valist);
// *8 for sizeof(u64), +16 because the return address and rbp have been pushed
// by the time we get to the body of the function.
emit(Oadd, Kl, offset, TMP(RBP),
getcon(param_reg_usage->num_named_args_passed * 8 + 16, func));
}
static void lower_vaarg(Fn* func, Ins* vaarg_instr) {
// va_list is just a void** on winx64, so load the pointer, then load the
// argument from that pointer, then increment the pointer to the next arg.
// (All emitted backwards as usual.)
Ref inc = newtmp("abi.vaarg.inc", Kl, func);
Ref ptr = newtmp("abi.vaarg.ptr", Kl, func);
emit(Ostorel, 0, R, inc, vaarg_instr->arg[0]);
emit(Oadd, Kl, inc, ptr, getcon(8, func));
emit(Oload, vaarg_instr->cls, vaarg_instr->to, ptr, R);
emit(Oload, Kl, ptr, vaarg_instr->arg[0], R);
}
static void lower_args_for_block(Fn* func,
Blk* block,
RegisterUsage* param_reg_usage,
ExtraAlloc** pextra_alloc) {
// global temporary buffer used by emit. Reset to the end, and predecremented
// when adding to it.
curi = &insb[NIns];
lower_block_return(func, block);
if (block->nins) {
// Work backwards through the instructions, either copying them unchanged,
// or modifying as necessary.
for (Ins* instr = &block->ins[block->nins - 1]; instr >= block->ins;) {
switch (instr->op) {
case Ocall:
instr = lower_call(func, block, instr, pextra_alloc);
break;
case Ovastart:
lower_vastart(func, param_reg_usage, instr->arg[0]);
--instr;
break;
case Ovaarg:
lower_vaarg(func, instr);
--instr;
break;
case Oarg:
case Oargc:
die("unreachable");
default:
emiti(*instr);
--instr;
break;
}
}
}
// This it the start block, which is processed last. Add any allocas that
// other blocks needed.
bool is_start_block = block == func->start;
if (is_start_block) {
for (ExtraAlloc* ea = *pextra_alloc; ea; ea = ea->link) {
emiti(ea->instr);
}
}
// emit/emiti add instructions from the end to the beginning of the temporary
// global buffer. dup the final version into the final block storage.
block->nins = &insb[NIns] - curi;
idup(block, curi, block->nins);
}
static Ins* find_end_of_func_parameters(Blk* start_block) {
Ins* i;
for (i = start_block->ins; i < &start_block->ins[start_block->nins]; ++i) {
if (!ispar(i->op)) {
break;
}
}
return i;
}
// Copy from registers/stack into values.
static RegisterUsage lower_func_parameters(Fn* func) {
// This is half-open, so end points after the last Opar.
Blk* start_block = func->start;
Ins* start_of_params = start_block->ins;
Ins* end_of_params = find_end_of_func_parameters(start_block);
size_t num_params = end_of_params - start_of_params;
ArgClass* arg_classes = alloc(num_params * sizeof(ArgClass));
ArgClass arg_ret = {0};
// global temporary buffer used by emit. Reset to the end, and predecremented
// when adding to it.
curi = &insb[NIns];
int reg_counter = 0;
RegisterUsage reg_usage = {0};
if (func->retty >= 0) {
bool by_copy = type_is_by_copy(&typ[func->retty]);
if (by_copy) {
assign_register_or_stack(&reg_usage, &arg_ret, /*is_float=*/false,
by_copy);
Ref ret_ref = newtmp("abi.ret", Kl, func);
emit(Ocopy, Kl, ret_ref, TMP(RCX), R);
func->retr = ret_ref;
++reg_counter;
}
}
Ref env = R;
classify_arguments(&reg_usage, start_of_params, end_of_params, arg_classes,
&env);
func->reg = amd64_winabi_argregs(
CALL(register_usage_to_call_arg_value(reg_usage)), NULL);
// Copy from the registers or stack slots into the named parameters. Depending
// on how they're passed, they either need to be copied or loaded.
ArgClass* arg = arg_classes;
uint slot_offset = SHADOW_SPACE_SIZE / 4 + 4;
for (Ins* instr = start_of_params; instr < end_of_params; ++instr, ++arg) {
switch (arg->style) {
case APS_Register: {
Ref from = register_for_arg(arg->cls, reg_counter++);
// If it's a struct at the IL level, we need to copy the register into
// an alloca so we have something to point at (same for InlineOnStack).
if (instr->op == Oparc) {
arg->ref = newtmp("abi", Kl, func);
emit(Ostorel, 0, R, arg->ref, instr->to);
emit(Ocopy, instr->cls, arg->ref, from, R);
emit(Oalloc8, Kl, instr->to, getcon(arg->size, func), R);
} else {
emit(Ocopy, instr->cls, instr->to, from, R);
}
break;
}
case APS_InlineOnStack:
if (instr->op == Oparc) {
arg->ref = newtmp("abi", Kl, func);
emit(Ostorel, 0, R, arg->ref, instr->to);
emit(Ocopy, instr->cls, arg->ref, SLOT(-slot_offset), R);
emit(Oalloc8, Kl, instr->to, getcon(arg->size, func), R);
} else {
emit(Ocopy, Kl, instr->to, SLOT(-slot_offset), R);
}
slot_offset += 2;
break;
case APS_CopyAndPointerOnStack:
emit(Oload, Kl, instr->to, SLOT(-slot_offset), R);
slot_offset += 2;
break;
case APS_CopyAndPointerInRegister: {
// Because this has to be a copy (that we own), it is sufficient to just
// copy the register to the target.
Ref from = register_for_arg(Kl, reg_counter++);
emit(Ocopy, Kl, instr->to, from, R);
break;
}
case APS_EnvTag:
break;
case APS_VarargsTag:
case APS_Invalid:
die("unreachable");
}
}
// If there was an `env`, it was passed in RAX, so copy it into the env ref.
if (!req(R, env)) {
emit(Ocopy, Kl, env, TMP(RAX), R);
}
int num_created_instrs = &insb[NIns] - curi;
int num_other_after_instrs = (int)(start_block->nins - num_params);
int new_total_instrs = num_other_after_instrs + num_created_instrs;
Ins* new_instrs = vnew(new_total_instrs, sizeof(Ins), PFn);
Ins* instr_p = icpy(new_instrs, curi, num_created_instrs);
icpy(instr_p, end_of_params, num_other_after_instrs);
start_block->nins = new_total_instrs;
start_block->ins = new_instrs;
return reg_usage;
}
// The main job of this function is to lower generic instructions into the
// specific details of how arguments are passed, and parameters are
// interpreted for win x64. A useful reference is
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/x64-calling-convention .
//
// Some of the major differences from SysV if you're comparing the code
// (non-exhaustive):
// - only 4 int and 4 float regs are used
// - when an int register is assigned a value, its associated float register is
// left unused (and vice versa). i.e. there's only one counter as you assign
// arguments to registers.
// - any structs that aren't 1/2/4/8 bytes in size are passed by pointer, not
// by copying them into the stack. So e.g. if you pass something like
// `struct { void*, int64_t }` by value, it first needs to be copied to
// another alloca (in order to maintain value semantics at the language
// level), then the pointer to that copy is treated as a regular integer
// argument (which then itself may *also* be copied to the stack in the case
// there's no integer register remaining.)
// - when calling a varargs functions, floating point values must be duplicated
// integer registers. Along with the above restrictions, this makes varargs
// handling simpler for the callee than SysV.
void amd64_winabi_abi(Fn* func) {
// The first thing to do is lower incoming parameters to this function.
RegisterUsage param_reg_usage = lower_func_parameters(func);
// This is the second larger part of the job. We walk all blocks, and rewrite
// instructions returns, calls, and handling of varargs into their win x64
// specific versions. Any other instructions are just passed through unchanged
// by using `emiti`.
// Skip over the entry block, and do it at the end so that our later
// modifications can add allocations to the start block. In particular, we
// need to add stack allocas for copies when structs are passed or returned by
// value.
ExtraAlloc* extra_alloc = NULL;
for (Blk* block = func->start->link; block; block = block->link) {
lower_args_for_block(func, block, &param_reg_usage, &extra_alloc);
}
lower_args_for_block(func, func->start, &param_reg_usage, &extra_alloc);
if (debug['A']) {
fprintf(stderr, "\n> After ABI lowering:\n");
printfn(func, stderr);
}
}