add asan error vm stacktrace

source/cell.c

@@ -399,33 +399,15 @@ int cell_init(int argc, char **argv)
       script = (char *)script_or_file;
     }
 
-    JSRuntime *rt = JS_NewRuntime();
-    if (!rt) {
-      printf("Failed to create JS runtime\n");
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    JSContext *ctx = JS_NewContext(rt);
-    if (!ctx) {
-      printf("Failed to create JS context\n");
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    char *json = JS_AST(ctx, script, strlen(script), filename);
+    char *json = JS_AST(script, strlen(script), filename);
     if (json) {
       int has_errors = print_json_errors(json);
       printf("%s\n", json);
       free(json);
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
       free(allocated_script);
       return has_errors ? 1 : 0;
     } else {
       printf("Failed to parse AST\n");
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
       free(allocated_script);
       return 1;
     }
@@ -460,39 +442,165 @@ int cell_init(int argc, char **argv)
       script = (char *)script_or_file;
     }
 
-    JSRuntime *rt = JS_NewRuntime();
-    if (!rt) {
-      printf("Failed to create JS runtime\n");
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    JSContext *ctx = JS_NewContext(rt);
-    if (!ctx) {
-      printf("Failed to create JS context\n");
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    char *json = JS_Tokenize(ctx, script, strlen(script), filename);
+    char *json = JS_Tokenize(script, strlen(script), filename);
     if (json) {
       int has_errors = print_json_errors(json);
       printf("%s\n", json);
       free(json);
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
       free(allocated_script);
       return has_errors ? 1 : 0;
     } else {
       printf("Failed to tokenize\n");
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
       free(allocated_script);
       return 1;
     }
   }
 
-  /* Check for --mach flag to output machine code JSON */
+  /* Check for --mcode flag to output MCODE JSON IR */
+  if (argc >= 3 && strcmp(argv[1], "--mcode") == 0) {
+    const char *script_or_file = argv[2];
+    char *script = NULL;
+    char *allocated_script = NULL;
+    const char *filename = "<eval>";
+
+    struct stat st;
+    if (stat(script_or_file, &st) == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+      FILE *f = fopen(script_or_file, "r");
+      if (!f) {
+        printf("Failed to open file: %s\n", script_or_file);
+        return 1;
+      }
+      allocated_script = malloc(st.st_size + 1);
+      if (!allocated_script) {
+        fclose(f);
+        printf("Failed to allocate memory for script\n");
+        return 1;
+      }
+      size_t read_size = fread(allocated_script, 1, st.st_size, f);
+      fclose(f);
+      allocated_script[read_size] = '\0';
+      script = allocated_script;
+      filename = script_or_file;
+    } else {
+      script = (char *)script_or_file;
+    }
+
+    char *ast_json = JS_AST(script, strlen(script), filename);
+    if (!ast_json) {
+      printf("Failed to parse AST\n");
+      free(allocated_script);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (print_json_errors(ast_json)) {
+      free(ast_json);
+      free(allocated_script);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    char *mcode_json = JS_Mcode(ast_json);
+    free(ast_json);
+
+    if (!mcode_json) {
+      printf("Failed to generate MCODE\n");
+      free(allocated_script);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    printf("%s\n", mcode_json);
+    free(mcode_json);
+
+    free(allocated_script);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Check for --run-mcode flag to execute via MCODE interpreter */
+  if (argc >= 3 && strcmp(argv[1], "--run-mcode") == 0) {
+    const char *script_or_file = argv[2];
+    char *script = NULL;
+    char *allocated_script = NULL;
+    const char *filename = "<eval>";
+
+    struct stat st;
+    if (stat(script_or_file, &st) == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+      FILE *f = fopen(script_or_file, "r");
+      if (!f) { printf("Failed to open file: %s\n", script_or_file); return 1; }
+      allocated_script = malloc(st.st_size + 1);
+      if (!allocated_script) { fclose(f); printf("Failed to allocate memory\n"); return 1; }
+      size_t read_size = fread(allocated_script, 1, st.st_size, f);
+      fclose(f);
+      allocated_script[read_size] = '\0';
+      script = allocated_script;
+      filename = script_or_file;
+    } else {
+      script = (char *)script_or_file;
+    }
+
+    char *ast_json = JS_AST(script, strlen(script), filename);
+    if (!ast_json) {
+      printf("Failed to parse AST\n");
+      free(allocated_script);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (print_json_errors(ast_json)) {
+      free(ast_json); free(allocated_script);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    char *mcode_json = JS_Mcode(ast_json);
+    free(ast_json);
+
+    if (!mcode_json) {
+      printf("Failed to generate MCODE\n");
+      free(allocated_script);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (print_json_errors(mcode_json)) {
+      free(mcode_json); free(allocated_script);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Use a larger heap context for execution */
+    JSRuntime *rt = JS_NewRuntime();
+    if (!rt) { printf("Failed to create JS runtime\n"); free(mcode_json); free(allocated_script); return 1; }
+    JSContext *ctx = JS_NewContextWithHeapSize(rt, 64 * 1024);
+    if (!ctx) { printf("Failed to create execution context\n"); free(mcode_json); JS_FreeRuntime(rt); free(allocated_script); return 1; }
+
+    JSValue result = JS_CallMcode(ctx, mcode_json);
+    free(mcode_json);
+
+    if (JS_IsException(result)) {
+      JSValue exc = JS_GetException(ctx);
+      const char *str = JS_ToCString(ctx, exc);
+      if (str) { printf("Error: %s\n", str); JS_FreeCString(ctx, str); }
+      cJSON *stack = JS_GetStack(ctx);
+      if (stack) {
+        int n = cJSON_GetArraySize(stack);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+          cJSON *fr = cJSON_GetArrayItem(stack, i);
+          const char *fn = cJSON_GetStringValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(fr, "function"));
+          const char *file = cJSON_GetStringValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(fr, "file"));
+          int line = (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(fr, "line"));
+          int col = (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(fr, "column"));
+          printf("    at %s (%s:%d:%d)\n", fn ? fn : "<anonymous>", file ? file : "<unknown>", line, col);
+        }
+        cJSON_Delete(stack);
+      }
+      JS_FreeValue(ctx, exc);
+    } else if (!JS_IsNull(result)) {
+      const char *str = JS_ToCString(ctx, result);
+      if (str) { printf("%s\n", str); JS_FreeCString(ctx, str); }
+    }
+
+    JS_FreeContext(ctx);
+    JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
+    free(allocated_script);
+    return JS_IsException(result) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Check for --mach flag to dump MACH bytecode */
   if (argc >= 3 && strcmp(argv[1], "--mach") == 0) {
     const char *script_or_file = argv[2];
     char *script = NULL;
@@ -521,144 +629,42 @@ int cell_init(int argc, char **argv)
       script = (char *)script_or_file;
     }
 
-    JSRuntime *rt = JS_NewRuntime();
-    if (!rt) {
-      printf("Failed to create JS runtime\n");
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    JSContext *ctx = JS_NewContext(rt);
-    if (!ctx) {
-      printf("Failed to create JS context\n");
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, script, strlen(script), filename);
+    char *ast_json = JS_AST(script, strlen(script), filename);
     if (!ast_json) {
       printf("Failed to parse AST\n");
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
       free(allocated_script);
       return 1;
     }
 
     if (print_json_errors(ast_json)) {
       free(ast_json);
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
       free(allocated_script);
       return 1;
     }
 
-    char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
-    free(ast_json);
-
-    if (mach_json) {
-      if (print_json_errors(mach_json)) {
-        free(mach_json);
-        JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-        JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-        free(allocated_script);
-        return 1;
-      }
-      printf("%s\n", mach_json);
-      free(mach_json);
-    } else {
-      printf("Failed to generate machine code\n");
-    }
-
-    JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-    JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-    free(allocated_script);
-    return mach_json ? 0 : 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Check for --vmcode flag to dump linked register VM bytecode */
-  if (argc >= 3 && strcmp(argv[1], "--vmcode") == 0) {
-    const char *script_or_file = argv[2];
-    char *script = NULL;
-    char *allocated_script = NULL;
-    const char *filename = "<eval>";
-
-    struct stat st;
-    if (stat(script_or_file, &st) == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
-      FILE *f = fopen(script_or_file, "r");
-      if (!f) {
-        printf("Failed to open file: %s\n", script_or_file);
-        return 1;
-      }
-      allocated_script = malloc(st.st_size + 1);
-      if (!allocated_script) {
-        fclose(f);
-        printf("Failed to allocate memory for script\n");
-        return 1;
-      }
-      size_t read_size = fread(allocated_script, 1, st.st_size, f);
-      fclose(f);
-      allocated_script[read_size] = '\0';
-      script = allocated_script;
-      filename = script_or_file;
-    } else {
-      script = (char *)script_or_file;
-    }
-
     JSRuntime *rt = JS_NewRuntime();
     if (!rt) {
       printf("Failed to create JS runtime\n");
-      free(allocated_script);
+      free(ast_json); free(allocated_script);
       return 1;
     }
     JSContext *ctx = JS_NewContext(rt);
     if (!ctx) {
       printf("Failed to create JS context\n");
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-      free(allocated_script);
+      free(ast_json); JS_FreeRuntime(rt); free(allocated_script);
       return 1;
     }
 
-    char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, script, strlen(script), filename);
-    if (!ast_json) {
-      printf("Failed to parse AST\n");
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (print_json_errors(ast_json)) {
-      free(ast_json);
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
+    JS_DumpMach(ctx, ast_json, JS_NULL);
     free(ast_json);
 
-    if (mach_json) {
-      if (print_json_errors(mach_json)) {
-        free(mach_json);
-        JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-        JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-        free(allocated_script);
-        return 1;
-      }
-      JS_DumpRegisterMach(ctx, mach_json, JS_NULL);
-      free(mach_json);
-    } else {
-      printf("Failed to generate machine code\n");
-    }
-
     JS_FreeContext(ctx);
     JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
     free(allocated_script);
-    return mach_json ? 0 : 1;
+    return 0;
   }
 
-  /* Check for --mach-run flag to generate and run machine code through register VM */
+  /* Check for --mach-run flag to compile and run through MACH VM */
   if (argc >= 3 && strcmp(argv[1], "--mach-run") == 0) {
     const char *script_or_file = argv[2];
     char *script = NULL;
@@ -687,62 +693,35 @@ int cell_init(int argc, char **argv)
       script = (char *)script_or_file;
     }
 
-    JSRuntime *rt = JS_NewRuntime();
-    if (!rt) {
-      printf("Failed to create JS runtime\n");
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    JSContext *ctx = JS_NewContext(rt);
-    if (!ctx) {
-      printf("Failed to create JS context\n");
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    /* Parse to AST */
-    char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, script, strlen(script), filename);
+    char *ast_json = JS_AST(script, strlen(script), filename);
     if (!ast_json) {
       printf("Failed to parse AST\n");
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
       free(allocated_script);
       return 1;
     }
 
     if (print_json_errors(ast_json)) {
       free(ast_json);
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
       free(allocated_script);
       return 1;
     }
 
-    /* Generate machine code */
-    char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
+    JSRuntime *rt = JS_NewRuntime();
+    if (!rt) {
+      printf("Failed to create JS runtime\n");
+      free(ast_json); free(allocated_script);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    JSContext *ctx = JS_NewContext(rt);
+    if (!ctx) {
+      printf("Failed to create JS context\n");
+      free(ast_json); JS_FreeRuntime(rt); free(allocated_script);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    JSValue result = JS_RunMach(ctx, ast_json, JS_NULL);
     free(ast_json);
 
-    if (!mach_json) {
-      printf("Failed to generate machine code\n");
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (print_json_errors(mach_json)) {
-      free(mach_json);
-      JS_FreeContext(ctx);
-      JS_FreeRuntime(rt);
-      free(allocated_script);
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    /* Execute through register VM */
-    JSValue result = JS_IntegrateRegister(ctx, mach_json, JS_NULL);
-    free(mach_json);
-
     int exit_code = 0;
     if (JS_IsException(result)) {
       JSValue exc = JS_GetException(ctx);
@@ -751,9 +730,22 @@ int cell_init(int argc, char **argv)
         printf("Error: %s\n", err_str);
         JS_FreeCString(ctx, err_str);
       }
+      cJSON *stack = JS_GetStack(ctx);
+      if (stack) {
+        int n = cJSON_GetArraySize(stack);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+          cJSON *fr = cJSON_GetArrayItem(stack, i);
+          const char *fn = cJSON_GetStringValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(fr, "function"));
+          const char *file = cJSON_GetStringValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(fr, "file"));
+          int line = (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(fr, "line"));
+          int col = (int)cJSON_GetNumberValue(cJSON_GetObjectItem(fr, "column"));
+          printf("    at %s (%s:%d:%d)\n", fn ? fn : "<anonymous>", file ? file : "<unknown>", line, col);
+        }
+        cJSON_Delete(stack);
+      }
+      JS_FreeValue(ctx, exc);
       exit_code = 1;
     } else if (!JS_IsNull(result)) {
-      /* Print result */
       const char *str = JS_ToCString(ctx, result);
       if (str) {
         printf("%s\n", str);

source/quickjs.h

@@ -1219,26 +1219,51 @@ CellModule *cell_module_from_bytecode (JSContext *ctx, JSFunctionBytecode *main_
 CellModule *JS_CompileModule (JSContext *ctx, const char *input, size_t input_len, const char *filename);
 
 /* Parse source code and return AST as JSON string.
-   Returns malloc'd JSON string (caller must free), or NULL on error. */
-char *JS_AST (JSContext *ctx, const char *source, size_t len, const char *filename);
+   Returns malloc'd JSON string (caller must free), or NULL on error.
+   No JSContext needed — pure string transformation. */
+char *JS_AST (const char *source, size_t len, const char *filename);
 
 /* Tokenize source code and return token array as JSON string.
-   Returns malloc'd JSON string (caller must free), or NULL on error. */
-char *JS_Tokenize (JSContext *ctx, const char *source, size_t len, const char *filename);
+   Returns malloc'd JSON string (caller must free), or NULL on error.
+   No JSContext needed — pure string transformation. */
+char *JS_Tokenize (const char *source, size_t len, const char *filename);
 
-/* Generate register-based machine code from AST JSON.
-   Returns malloc'd JSON string (caller must free), or NULL on error. */
-char *JS_Mach (JSContext *ctx, const char *ast_json);
+/* Compiled bytecode (context-free, serializable) */
+typedef struct MachCode MachCode;
 
-/* Link and execute register-based machine code.
-   mach_json: JSON output from JS_Mach
-   env: stone record for external variable resolution (or JS_NULL)
+/* Compile AST JSON to context-free MachCode.
+   Returns MachCode* (caller must free with JS_FreeMachCode), or NULL on error. */
+MachCode *JS_CompileMach(const char *ast_json);
+
+/* Free a compiled MachCode tree. */
+void JS_FreeMachCode(MachCode *mc);
+
+/* Load compiled MachCode into a JSContext, materializing JSValues.
+   Returns JSCodeRegister* linked and ready for execution. */
+struct JSCodeRegister *JS_LoadMachCode(JSContext *ctx, MachCode *mc, JSValue env);
+
+/* Dump MACH bytecode to stdout for debugging. Takes AST JSON.
+   Internally compiles, loads, and dumps binary bytecode. */
+void JS_DumpMach (JSContext *ctx, const char *ast_json, JSValue env);
+
+/* Compile and execute MACH bytecode. Takes AST JSON.
+   Internally compiles, loads, and executes.
    Returns result of execution, or JS_EXCEPTION on error. */
-JSValue JS_IntegrateRegister (JSContext *ctx, const char *mach_json, JSValue env);
+JSValue JS_RunMach (JSContext *ctx, const char *ast_json, JSValue env);
 
-/* Dump linked register VM bytecode to stdout for debugging.
-   Links mach_json and prints the resulting bytecode with resolved labels. */
-void JS_DumpRegisterMach (JSContext *ctx, const char *mach_json, JSValue env);
+/* Compile AST JSON to MCODE JSON (string-based IR).
+   Returns malloc'd JSON string, or NULL on error. Caller must free.
+   No JSContext needed — pure string transformation. */
+char *JS_Mcode (const char *ast_json);
+
+/* Parse and execute MCODE JSON directly via the MCODE interpreter.
+   Returns result of execution, or JS_EXCEPTION on error. */
+JSValue JS_CallMcode (JSContext *ctx, const char *mcode_json);
+
+/* Get stack trace as cJSON array of frame objects.
+   Returns NULL if no register VM frame is active.
+   Caller must call cJSON_Delete() on the result. */
+struct cJSON *JS_GetStack (JSContext *ctx);
 
 /* Integrate a CellModule with an environment and execute.
    Returns callable function value, or JS_EXCEPTION on error. */

source/suite.c

@@ -2190,7 +2190,7 @@ TEST(cell_module_string_constant) {
 
 TEST(tokenize_unterminated_string) {
   const char *src = "var x = \"hello";
-  char *json = JS_Tokenize(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_Tokenize(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_Tokenize returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "unterminated string");
   free(json);
@@ -2199,7 +2199,7 @@ TEST(tokenize_unterminated_string) {
 
 TEST(tokenize_unterminated_template) {
   const char *src = "var x = `hello";
-  char *json = JS_Tokenize(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_Tokenize(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_Tokenize returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "unterminated template");
   free(json);
@@ -2208,7 +2208,7 @@ TEST(tokenize_unterminated_template) {
 
 TEST(tokenize_unterminated_block_comment) {
   const char *src = "var x /* comment";
-  char *json = JS_Tokenize(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_Tokenize(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_Tokenize returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "unterminated block comment");
   free(json);
@@ -2217,7 +2217,7 @@ TEST(tokenize_unterminated_block_comment) {
 
 TEST(tokenize_malformed_hex) {
   const char *src = "var x = 0x";
-  char *json = JS_Tokenize(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_Tokenize(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_Tokenize returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "malformed hex");
   free(json);
@@ -2226,7 +2226,7 @@ TEST(tokenize_malformed_hex) {
 
 TEST(tokenize_malformed_binary) {
   const char *src = "var x = 0b";
-  char *json = JS_Tokenize(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_Tokenize(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_Tokenize returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "malformed binary");
   free(json);
@@ -2235,7 +2235,7 @@ TEST(tokenize_malformed_binary) {
 
 TEST(tokenize_malformed_exponent) {
   const char *src = "var x = 1e+";
-  char *json = JS_Tokenize(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_Tokenize(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_Tokenize returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "no digits after exponent");
   free(json);
@@ -2244,7 +2244,7 @@ TEST(tokenize_malformed_exponent) {
 
 TEST(tokenize_valid_no_errors) {
   const char *src = "var x = 42";
-  char *json = JS_Tokenize(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_Tokenize(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_Tokenize returned NULL");
   ASSERT_NO_ERRORS(json);
   free(json);
@@ -2257,7 +2257,7 @@ TEST(tokenize_valid_no_errors) {
 
 TEST(ast_missing_identifier_after_var) {
   const char *src = "var = 1";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "expected identifier");
   free(json);
@@ -2266,7 +2266,7 @@ TEST(ast_missing_identifier_after_var) {
 
 TEST(ast_missing_initializer_def) {
   const char *src = "def x";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "missing initializer");
   free(json);
@@ -2275,7 +2275,7 @@ TEST(ast_missing_initializer_def) {
 
 TEST(ast_recovery_continues_after_error) {
   const char *src = "var = 1; var y = 2";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_HAS_ERRORS(json, 1);
   /* Check that 'y' statement is present in the AST */
@@ -2286,7 +2286,7 @@ TEST(ast_recovery_continues_after_error) {
 
 TEST(ast_valid_no_errors) {
   const char *src = "var x = 1; var y = 2";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_NO_ERRORS(json);
   free(json);
@@ -2299,7 +2299,7 @@ TEST(ast_valid_no_errors) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_assign_to_const) {
   const char *src = "def x = 5; x = 3";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "cannot assign to constant");
   free(json);
@@ -2308,7 +2308,7 @@ TEST(ast_sem_assign_to_const) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_assign_to_arg) {
   const char *src = "function(x) { x = 5; }";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "cannot assign to constant");
   free(json);
@@ -2317,7 +2317,7 @@ TEST(ast_sem_assign_to_arg) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_redeclare_const) {
   const char *src = "def x = 1; def x = 2";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "cannot redeclare constant");
   free(json);
@@ -2326,7 +2326,7 @@ TEST(ast_sem_redeclare_const) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_break_outside_loop) {
   const char *src = "break";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "outside of loop");
   free(json);
@@ -2335,7 +2335,7 @@ TEST(ast_sem_break_outside_loop) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_continue_outside_loop) {
   const char *src = "continue";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "outside of loop");
   free(json);
@@ -2344,7 +2344,7 @@ TEST(ast_sem_continue_outside_loop) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_break_inside_loop_ok) {
   const char *src = "while (true) { break; }";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_NO_ERRORS(json);
   free(json);
@@ -2353,7 +2353,7 @@ TEST(ast_sem_break_inside_loop_ok) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_increment_const) {
   const char *src = "def x = 1; x++";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(json, "cannot assign to constant");
   free(json);
@@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@ TEST(ast_sem_increment_const) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_shadow_var_ok) {
   const char *src = "var array = []; array";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_NO_ERRORS(json);
   free(json);
@@ -2371,7 +2371,7 @@ TEST(ast_sem_shadow_var_ok) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_var_assign_ok) {
   const char *src = "var x = 1; x = x + 1";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_NO_ERRORS(json);
   free(json);
@@ -2380,7 +2380,7 @@ TEST(ast_sem_var_assign_ok) {
 
 TEST(ast_sem_nested_function_scope) {
   const char *src = "var x = 1; function f(x) { return x + 1; }";
-  char *json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
   ASSERT_NO_ERRORS(json);
   free(json);
@@ -2388,102 +2388,28 @@ TEST(ast_sem_nested_function_scope) {
 }
 
 /* ============================================================================
-   CODEGEN/SEMANTIC ERROR TESTS
+   CODEGEN TESTS (updated for new direct AST-to-bytecode compiler)
    ============================================================================ */
 
-TEST(mach_assign_to_const) {
-  const char *src = "def x = 1; x = 2";
-  char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
-  ASSERT_MSG(ast_json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
-  char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
-  free(ast_json);
-  ASSERT_MSG(mach_json != NULL, "JS_Mach returned NULL");
-  ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(mach_json, "cannot assign to constant");
-  free(mach_json);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-TEST(mach_assign_to_arg) {
-  const char *src = "function f(x) { x = 5 }";
-  char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
-  ASSERT_MSG(ast_json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
-  char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
-  free(ast_json);
-  ASSERT_MSG(mach_json != NULL, "JS_Mach returned NULL");
-  ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(mach_json, "cannot assign to function argument");
-  free(mach_json);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-TEST(mach_redeclare_const) {
-  const char *src = "def x = 1; def x = 2";
-  char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
-  ASSERT_MSG(ast_json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
-  char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
-  free(ast_json);
-  ASSERT_MSG(mach_json != NULL, "JS_Mach returned NULL");
-  ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(mach_json, "cannot redeclare constant");
-  free(mach_json);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-TEST(mach_break_outside_loop) {
-  const char *src = "break";
-  char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
-  ASSERT_MSG(ast_json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
-  char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
-  free(ast_json);
-  ASSERT_MSG(mach_json != NULL, "JS_Mach returned NULL");
-  ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(mach_json, "outside of loop");
-  free(mach_json);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-TEST(mach_continue_outside_loop) {
-  const char *src = "continue";
-  char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
-  ASSERT_MSG(ast_json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
-  char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
-  free(ast_json);
-  ASSERT_MSG(mach_json != NULL, "JS_Mach returned NULL");
-  ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(mach_json, "outside of loop");
-  free(mach_json);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-TEST(mach_assign_unbound_var) {
-  const char *src = "x = 42";
-  char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
-  ASSERT_MSG(ast_json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
-  char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
-  free(ast_json);
-  ASSERT_MSG(mach_json != NULL, "JS_Mach returned NULL");
-  ASSERT_ERROR_MSG_CONTAINS(mach_json, "not declared");
-  free(mach_json);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-TEST(mach_shadow_is_ok) {
-  const char *src = "var array = []; array";
-  char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
-  ASSERT_MSG(ast_json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
-  char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
-  free(ast_json);
-  ASSERT_MSG(mach_json != NULL, "JS_Mach returned NULL");
-  ASSERT_NO_ERRORS(mach_json);
-  free(mach_json);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-TEST(mach_valid_no_errors) {
+TEST(mach_compile_basic) {
   const char *src = "var x = 1; x = x + 1";
-  char *ast_json = JS_AST(ctx, src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  char *ast_json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
   ASSERT_MSG(ast_json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
-  char *mach_json = JS_Mach(ctx, ast_json);
+  MachCode *mc = JS_CompileMach(ast_json);
   free(ast_json);
-  ASSERT_MSG(mach_json != NULL, "JS_Mach returned NULL");
-  ASSERT_NO_ERRORS(mach_json);
-  free(mach_json);
+  ASSERT_MSG(mc != NULL, "JS_CompileMach returned NULL");
+  JS_FreeMachCode(mc);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+TEST(mach_compile_function) {
+  const char *src = "function f(x) { return x + 1 }";
+  char *ast_json = JS_AST(src, strlen(src), "<test>");
+  ASSERT_MSG(ast_json != NULL, "JS_AST returned NULL");
+  MachCode *mc = JS_CompileMach(ast_json);
+  free(ast_json);
+  ASSERT_MSG(mc != NULL, "JS_CompileMach returned NULL");
+  JS_FreeMachCode(mc);
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -2730,15 +2656,9 @@ int run_c_test_suite(JSContext *ctx)
   RUN_TEST(ast_sem_var_assign_ok);
   RUN_TEST(ast_sem_nested_function_scope);
 
-  printf("\nCodegen Errors:\n");
-  RUN_TEST(mach_assign_to_const);
-  RUN_TEST(mach_assign_to_arg);
-  RUN_TEST(mach_redeclare_const);
-  RUN_TEST(mach_break_outside_loop);
-  RUN_TEST(mach_continue_outside_loop);
-  RUN_TEST(mach_assign_unbound_var);
-  RUN_TEST(mach_shadow_is_ok);
-  RUN_TEST(mach_valid_no_errors);
+  printf("\nCodegen:\n");
+  RUN_TEST(mach_compile_basic);
+  RUN_TEST(mach_compile_function);
 
   printf("\n=================================\n");
   printf("Results: %d passed, %d failed\n", tests_passed, tests_failed);

tests/demo.ce

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+function safe_add(a, b) {
+  return a + b
+} disruption {
+  print("disruption caught in safe_add")
+}
+
+function inner() {
+  disrupt
+}
+
+function outer() {
+  inner()
+} disruption {
+  print("disruption caught in outer — from inner()")
+}
+
+// Test 1: explicit disrupt with handler
+function test_explicit() {
+  disrupt
+} disruption {
+  print("test 1: explicit disrupt handled")
+}
+test_explicit()
+
+// Test 2: type error disrupt (number + function)
+safe_add(1, print)
+
+// Test 3: unwinding — inner disrupts, outer catches
+outer()
+
+// Test 4: disrupt from inside disruption clause
+function test_nested() {
+  disrupt
+} disruption {
+  print("test 4: first disruption")
+}
+test_nested()
+
+print("done")

vm_test/label_break.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-var x = 0; outer: { x = 1; break outer; x = 2 }; x

vm_test/op_typeof.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-typeof 5

vm_test/op_void.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-void 0

vm_test/switch_basic.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-var r; switch(2) { case 1: r = 1; break; case 2: r = 2; break }; r

vm_test/syntax.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+/* comprehensive syntax test - exercises all AST paths */
+
+// --- variables and constants ---
+var a
+var b = 1
+var c = 2, d = 3
+def PI = 3.14159
+def MSG = "hello"
+
+// --- number literals ---
+var n_int = 42
+var n_float = 3.14
+var n_hex = 0xFF
+var n_octal = 0o77
+var n_binary = 0b1010
+var n_underscore = 1_000_000
+var n_exp = 1e10
+var n_exp_neg = 2.5e-3
+
+// --- string literals ---
+var s_single = 'single'
+var s_double = "double"
+var s_escape = "tab\there\nnewline\\slash\"quote"
+var s_unicode = "\u0041\u0042"
+
+// --- template literals ---
+var t_basic = `hello ${b} world`
+var t_nested = `a ${b + c} b ${d}`
+var t_expr = `result: ${b > 0 ? "yes" : "no"}`
+
+// --- array literals ---
+var arr_empty = []
+var arr_simple = [1, 2, 3]
+var arr_mixed = [1, "two", true, null]
+var arr_nested = [[1, 2], [3, [4, 5]]]
+
+// --- record/object literals ---
+var rec_empty = {}
+var rec_simple = {x: 1, y: 2}
+var rec_nested = {a: {b: {c: 3}}}
+var shorthand_var = 10
+var rec_shorthand = {shorthand_var}
+var rec_computed = {["key" + "1"]: 100}
+var rec_method = {
+  greet() { return "hi" }
+}
+var rec_mixed = {
+  name: "test",
+  value: 42,
+  nested: {inner: true},
+  items: [1, 2, 3]
+}
+
+// --- all binary arithmetic operators ---
+var arith_add = 1 + 2
+var arith_sub = 5 - 3
+var arith_mul = 4 * 5
+var arith_div = 10 / 3
+var arith_mod = 10 % 3
+var arith_pow = 2 ** 8
+
+// --- comparison operators ---
+var cmp_lt = 1 < 2
+var cmp_gt = 2 > 1
+var cmp_lte = 1 <= 1
+var cmp_gte = 2 >= 2
+var cmp_eq = 1 == 1
+var cmp_neq = 1 != 2
+
+// --- logical operators ---
+var log_and = true && false
+var log_or = false || true
+var log_not = !false
+
+// --- bitwise operators ---
+var bit_and = 0xFF & 0x0F
+var bit_or = 0xF0 | 0x0F
+var bit_xor = 0xFF ^ 0x0F
+var bit_not = ~0
+var bit_shl = 1 << 8
+var bit_shr = 256 >> 4
+var bit_shru = -1 >>> 0
+
+// --- nullish coalescing ---
+var nullish = null ?? "default"
+
+// --- ternary operator ---
+var tern = b > 0 ? "pos" : "neg"
+var tern_nested = b > 0 ? (b > 10 ? "big" : "small") : "neg"
+
+// --- comma operator ---
+var comma_result = (1, 2, 3)
+
+// --- unary operators ---
+var unary_pos = +b
+var unary_neg = -b
+
+// --- increment/decrement ---
+var inc_val = 0
+inc_val++
+inc_val--
+;++inc_val
+;--inc_val
+
+// --- all compound assignments ---
+var ca = 10
+ca += 5
+ca -= 3
+ca *= 2
+ca /= 4
+ca %= 3
+ca **= 2
+ca <<= 1
+ca >>= 1
+ca >>>= 0
+ca &= 0xFF
+ca |= 0x01
+ca ^= 0x10
+ca &&= true
+ca ||= false
+ca ??= 1
+
+// --- chained assignment ---
+var ch1, ch2
+ch1 = ch2 = 42
+
+// --- property access ---
+var obj = {a: {b: {c: 1}}, items: [10, 20, 30]}
+var dot_access = obj.a
+var dot_chain = obj.a.b.c
+var bracket_access = obj["a"]
+var bracket_dynamic = obj["it" + "ems"]
+var bracket_index = obj.items[1]
+
+// --- optional chaining ---
+var opt_obj = {x: {y: 1}}
+var opt_prop = opt_obj?.x
+var opt_deep = opt_obj?.x?.y
+var opt_null = null?.foo
+var opt_bracket = opt_obj?.["x"]
+var opt_call_obj = {f: function() { return 1 }}
+var opt_call = opt_call_obj?.f?.()
+
+// --- function declarations ---
+function add(a, b) {
+  return a + b
+}
+
+function no_params() {
+  return 42
+}
+
+function with_default(x = 10, y = 20) {
+  return x + y
+}
+
+// --- function expressions ---
+var func_expr = function(x) { return x * 2 }
+var func_named = function multiply(x, y) { return x * y }
+
+// --- arrow functions (all forms) ---
+var arrow_no_param = () => 0
+var arrow_one = x => x + 1
+var arrow_multi = (a, b) => a + b
+var arrow_block = (a, b) => { return a + b }
+var arrow_default = (x = 1, y = 2) => x + y
+var arrow_default_expr = (x = 1 + 2, y = arr_simple[0]) => x + y
+
+// --- closures ---
+function make_counter() {
+  var count = 0
+  return function() {
+    count += 1
+    return count
+  }
+}
+
+function outer_fn() {
+  var x = 10
+  function middle() {
+    var y = 20
+    function inner() {
+      return x + y
+    }
+    return inner()
+  }
+  return middle()
+}
+
+// --- this in methods ---
+var counter = {
+  val: 0,
+  inc() { this.val += 1 },
+  get() { return this.val }
+}
+
+// --- if/else/else-if ---
+var if_result
+if (b > 0) {
+  if_result = "positive"
+} else if (b == 0) {
+  if_result = "zero"
+} else {
+  if_result = "negative"
+}
+
+// --- while loop ---
+var w = 0
+while (w < 5) {
+  w += 1
+}
+
+// --- do-while loop ---
+var dw = 0
+do {
+  dw += 1
+} while (dw < 3)
+
+// --- for loop ---
+var f_sum = 0
+for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+  f_sum += i
+}
+
+// --- for loop with break ---
+var fb = 0
+for (var j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
+  if (j == 5) break
+  fb = j
+}
+
+// --- for loop with continue ---
+var fc = 0
+for (var k = 0; k < 10; k++) {
+  if (k % 2 == 0) continue
+  fc += k
+}
+
+// --- labeled break ---
+outer: for (var x = 0; x < 3; x++) {
+  for (var y = 0; y < 3; y++) {
+    if (y == 1) break outer
+  }
+}
+
+// --- labeled continue ---
+var lc = 0
+loop: for (var m = 0; m < 3; m++) {
+  for (var n = 0; n < 3; n++) {
+    if (n == 1) continue loop
+    lc += 1
+  }
+}
+
+// --- disrupt and disruption ---
+function disrupt_test() {
+  disrupt
+}
+
+function disruption_test() {
+  var x = 1
+} disruption {
+  var y = 2
+}
+
+function disrupt_with_disruption() {
+  disrupt
+} disruption {
+  var handled = true
+}
+
+// --- delete operator ---
+var del_obj = {a: 1, b: 2}
+delete del_obj.a
+
+// --- in operator ---
+var in_result = "b" in del_obj
+
+// --- go statement ---
+function async_task() { return 1 }
+function caller() { go async_task() }
+
+// --- IIFE ---
+var iife = (function() { return 99 })()
+
+// --- recursive function ---
+function factorial(n) {
+  if (n <= 1) return 1
+  return n * factorial(n - 1)
+}
+
+// --- mutually recursive functions ---
+function is_even(n) {
+  if (n == 0) return true
+  return is_odd(n - 1)
+}
+function is_odd(n) {
+  if (n == 0) return false
+  return is_even(n - 1)
+}
+
+// --- block scoping ---
+var block_val = 1
+{
+  var block_val = 2
+}
+
+// --- nested blocks ---
+{
+  var nb = 1
+  {
+    var nb2 = nb + 1
+    {
+      var nb3 = nb2 + 1
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// --- empty statement ---
+;
+
+// --- parenthesized expression for precedence ---
+var prec = (1 + 2) * (3 + 4)
+
+// --- complex expressions ---
+var complex = arr_simple[0] + rec_simple.x * (b > 0 ? 2 : 1)
+
+// --- operator precedence chain ---
+var prec_chain = 1 + 2 * 3 ** 2 - 4 / 2 % 3
+
+// --- regex literals ---
+var re = /hello/
+var re_flags = /world/gi
+
+// --- line comment at end ---
+var end = 1 // done

vm_test/try_catch.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-try { 1 } catch(e) { 2 }

vm_test/try_catch_finally.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-var x = 1; try { throw 0 } catch(e) { x = 2 } finally { x = x + 1 }; x

vm_test/try_finally.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-var x = 1; try { x = 2 } finally { x = 3 }; x

vm_test/try_throw.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-try { throw "err" } catch(e) { e }